Within each domain, 2526 primary sampling units (PSU) were selected as villages or comparable urban units for a total of 437 PSUs
For never smokers, the first experience with cigarette smoking can be aversive due to the harsh sensations and bitter taste of cigarette smoke, awkwardness of the smoking self-administration sequence (e.g., puffing, hand-to-mouth movements), and nicotines aversive pharmacological effects (e.g., nausea, dizziness, airway irritation, bitterness)
After that, individual cognitive and behavioral treatment is provided (thought stopping, distraction, self-instructions, self-control, problem-solving, reinforcement, cognitive restructuring, and systematic desensitization), as well as pharmacological treatment: cytisine, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion
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