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Interestingly, it activates defense mechanisms against oxidative stress at low concentrations, such as Nrf2 and heat shock factor 1 (Sharma et al., 2008a

This complex initiates a cascade that leads to the activation of downstream executioner caspases, such as caspase-3, which ultimately drive the apoptotic process [136]

Temperature and salinity fluctuations cause physiological stress to marine life, which, in turn, will impact responses of animals in chemosensory studies ( 2 excreted, if animals are kept for extended periods of time requiring regular seawater changes using pH-adjusted clean seawater ( It is widely accepted that the choice of culture conditions for kept specimens represents a major challenge that potentially impacts results of any behavioral and physiological assay undertaken

The OS was one of the important axes of research conducted to understand the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration